tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50935418126093055092024-03-13T16:40:50.150-07:00GPA o5o111gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-70182022757760642042011-10-05T17:06:00.000-07:002011-10-05T17:06:19.205-07:00AXIS Worry Free BlackBerry Ready !! Murah Abiis !<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.axisworld.co.id/images/logo_axis.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="http://www.axisworld.co.id/images/logo_axis.png" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br />
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</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.axisworld.co.id/images/bonus_bbunlimited_ina.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.axisworld.co.id/images/bonus_bbunlimited_ina.png" width="292" /></a></div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-44627921996240803302011-10-05T17:04:00.000-07:002011-10-05T17:04:13.854-07:00Kolam Renang Waterboom Jakarta !Nama Waterbom muncul pada 1993 saat Waterbom Bali pertama kali dibuka untuk publik. Waterbom mendapatkan banyak perhatian dari turis domestik dan manca karena kualitasnya yang berstandar internasional. <span>Waterbom Bali yang bercirikan pulau tropis penuh pohon kelapa, semilir angin laut yang segar dan melimpahnya air jernih menjuluki dirinya sebagai <em>Tropical Cool</em>. </span><br />
<img alt="aboutUs_01" height="135" src="http://www.waterbom-jakarta.com/images/stories/about_us/aboutUs_01.jpg" style="float: left; margin: 10px;" width="225" />Beranjak dari 16 tahun kesuksesan Waterbom Bali, pada tahun 2007 Waterbom Jakarta resmi dibuka. Komitmen kami tidak pernah berubah untuk selalu mejadi yang terbaik dalam pelayanan, fasilitas, desain dan estetika. Dengan tema Urban Cool, desain lansekap indahnya menawarkan atomosfir yang santai dengan wahana airnya yang mengasyikkan sekaligus menegangkan. Nama Waterbom kini telah diakui sebagai pemimpin dalam pelayanan, hiburan dan standarisasi yang tinggi.<br />
Waterbom Bali akan membuat suasana liburan anda lebih hidup dengan seluncuran-seluncuran yang menegangkan, yang pelan dan santai maupun aktifitas yang seru. Jangan lupa untuk mencoba seluncuran andalan Waterbom Bali, Boomerang yang akan memacu adrenalin anda. Di Waterbom Jakarta akan anda temui The Hairpin, seluncuran mengasyikkan yang akan membuat anda berbelok, melingkar tajam dan menurun curam ke dalam kolam. Serasa rafting di udara!<br />
<img alt="aboutUs_02" height="135" src="http://www.waterbom-jakarta.com/images/stories/about_us/aboutUs_02.jpg" style="float: left; margin: 10px;" width="225" />Waterbom Jakarta menawarkan proses penjernihan air tingkat lanjut yang unik dan tanpa kaporit. Kualitas air kami sangat ramah lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia terutama kulit, mata dan rambut. Demi keselamatan pengunjung, seluruh lifeguard kami melewati ujian untuk mendapatkan sertifikat dan lolos uji international Safety Guard Standard. Dokter jaga yang selalu siap selama jam operasional, sistem keamanan terpadu di seluruh areal taman, parkir yang nyaman dan akses yang mudah dari jalan tol.<br />
Sampai bertemu di Waterbom pada liburan anda mendatang...gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-31679961213087826832011-10-05T17:02:00.000-07:002011-10-05T17:02:32.892-07:00Wisata Bali<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRiZWqqsDPfImaWmlHi9z7DUAfruXoEvN8aHjL8GJ5N2LZ7Addl" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRiZWqqsDPfImaWmlHi9z7DUAfruXoEvN8aHjL8GJ5N2LZ7Addl" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b>Pantai Kuta</b> adalah sebuah tempat pariwisata yang terletak di sebelah selatan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">ibu kota</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Kuta terletak di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Badung" title="Kabupaten Badung">Kabupaten Badung</a>. Daerah ini merupakan sebuah tujuan wisata turis mancanegara, dan telah menjadi objek wisata andalan Pulau Bali sejak awal 70-an. Pantai Kuta sering pula disebut sebagai pantai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">matahari</a> terbenam (<i>sunset beach</i>) sebagai lawan dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Sanur" title="Pantai Sanur">pantai Sanur</a>.</div><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </span><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Di Kuta terdapat banyak pertokoan, restoran dan tempat permandian serta menjemur diri. Selain keindahan pantainya, pantai Kuta juga menawarkan berbagai macam jenis hiburan lain misalnya bar dan restoran di sepanjang pantai menuju pantai Legian. Rosovivo, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Beach_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ocean Beach Club (halaman belum tersedia)">Ocean Beach Club</a>, Kamasutra, adalah beberapa club paling ramai di sepanjang pantai Kuta.</div><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </span><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Pantai ini juga memiliki ombak yang cukup bagus untuk olahraga selancar (<i>surfing</i>), terutama bagi peselancar pemula. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapangan_Udara_I_Gusti_Ngurah_Rai" title="Lapangan Udara I Gusti Ngurah Rai">Lapangan Udara I Gusti Ngurah Rai</a> terletak tidak jauh dari Kuta.</div><span class="post-share-buttons" style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 5px;"> <a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-email" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=8298691535109027762&target=email" target="_blank" title="Kirimkan Ini lewat Email"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Kirimkan Ini lewat Email</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=8298691535109027762&target=blog" target="_blank" title="BlogThis!"> <span class="share-button-link-text">BlogThis!</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=8298691535109027762&target=twitter" target="_blank" title="Berbagi ke Twitter"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Berbagi ke Twitter</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=8298691535109027762&target=facebook" target="_blank" title="Berbagi ke Facebook"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Berbagi ke Facebook</span> </a> </span>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-91309460241695249422011-10-05T08:09:00.001-07:002011-10-05T08:09:21.365-07:00C181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">The General Conference of the International Labour Organization,</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its Eighty-fifth Session on 3 June 1997, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Noting the provisions of the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Being aware of the importance of flexibility in the functioning of labour markets, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Recalling that the International Labour Conference at its 81st Session, 1994, held the view that the ILO should proceed to revise the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Considering the very different environment in which private employment agencies operate, when compared to the conditions prevailing when the above-mentioned Convention was adopted, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Recognizing the role which private employment agencies may play in a well-functioning labour market, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Recalling the need to protect workers against abuses, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Recognizing the need to guarantee the right to freedom of association and to promote collective bargaining and social dialogue as necessary components of a well-functioning industrial relations </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">system, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Noting the provisions of the Employment Service Convention, 1948, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Recalling the provisions of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, the Freedom of Association and the Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948, the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949, the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958, the Employment Policy Convention, 1964, the Minimum Age Convention, 1973, the Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988, and the provisions relating to recruitment and placement in the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949, and the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the revision of the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> adopts, this nineteenth day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven, the following Convention, which may be cited as the Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 1</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. For the purpose of this Convention the term </span><b style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i>private employment agency </i></b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">means any natural or legal person, independent of the public authorities, which provides one or more of the following labour market services:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) services for matching offers of and applications for employment, without the private employment agency becoming a party to the employment relationships which may arise therefrom;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) services consisting of employing workers with a view to making them available to a third party, who may be a natural or legal person (referred to below as a "user enterprise") which assigns their tasks and supervises the execution of these tasks;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (c) other services relating to jobseeking, determined by the competent authority after consulting the most representative employers and workers organizations, such as the provision of information, that do not set out to match specific offers of and applications for employment.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. For the purpose of this Convention, the term </span><b style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i>workers </i></b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">includes jobseekers.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. For the purpose of this Convention, the term </span><b style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i>processing of personal data of workers </i></b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">means the collection, storage, combination, communication or any other use of information related to an identified or identifiable worker.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 2</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. This Convention applies to all private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. This Convention applies to all categories of workers and all branches of economic activity. It does not apply to the recruitment and placement of seafarers.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. One purpose of this Convention is to allow the operation of private employment agencies as well as the protection of the workers using their services, within the framework of its provisions.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 4. After consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers concerned, a Member may:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) prohibit, under specific circumstances, private employment agencies from operating in respect of certain categories of workers or branches of economic activity in the provision of one or more of the services referred to in Article 1, paragraph 1;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) exclude, under specific circumstances, workers in certain branches of economic activity, or parts thereof, from the scope of the Convention or from certain of its provisions, provided that adequate protection is otherwise assured for the workers concerned.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 5. A Member which ratifies this Convention shall specify, in its reports under article 22 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization, any prohibition or exclusion of which it avails itself under paragraph 4 above, and give the reasons therefor.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 3</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. The legal status of private employment agencies shall be determined in accordance with national law and practice, and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. A Member shall determine the conditions governing the operation of private employment agencies in accordance with a system of licensing or certification, except where they are otherwise regulated or determined by appropriate national law and practice.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 4</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Measures shall be taken to ensure that the workers recruited by private employment agencies providing the services referred to in Article 1 are not denied the right to freedom of association and the right to bargain collectively.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 5</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. In order to promote equality of opportunity and treatment in access to employment and to particular occupations, a Member shall ensure that private employment agencies treat workers without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, or any other form of discrimination covered by national law and practice, such as age or disability.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be implemented in such a way as to prevent private employment agencies from providing special services or targeted programmes designed to assist the most disadvantaged workers in their jobseeking activities.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 6</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> The processing of personal data of workers by private employment agencies shall be:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) done in a manner that protects this data and ensures respect for workers privacy in accordance with national law and practice;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) limited to matters related to the qualifications and professional experience of the workers concerned and any other directly relevant information.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 7</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. Private employment agencies shall not charge directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, any fees or costs to workers.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. In the interest of the workers concerned, and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, the competent authority may authorize exceptions to the provisions of paragraph 1 above in respect of certain categories of workers, as well as specified types of services provided by private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. A Member which has authorized exceptions under paragraph 2 above shall, in its reports under article 22 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization, provide information on such exceptions and give the reasons therefor.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 8</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. A Member shall, after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, adopt all necessary and appropriate measures, both within its jurisdiction and, where appropriate, in collaboration with other Members, to provide adequate protection for and prevent abuses of migrant workers recruited or placed in its territory by private employment agencies. These shall include laws or regulations which provide for penalties, including prohibition of those private employment agencies which engage in fraudulent practices and abuses.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. Where workers are recruited in one country for work in another, the Members concerned shall consider concluding bilateral agreements to prevent abuses and fraudulent practices in recruitment, placement and employment.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 9</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> A Member shall take measures to ensure that child labour is not used or supplied by private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 10</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> The competent authority shall ensure that adequate machinery and procedures, involving as appropriate the most representative employers and workers organizations, exist for the investigation of complaints, alleged abuses and fraudulent practices concerning the activities of private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 11</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> A Member shall, in accordance with national law and practice, take the necessary measures to ensure adequate protection for the workers employed by private employment agencies as described in Article 1, paragraph 1(b) above, in relation to:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) freedom of association;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) collective bargaining;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (c) minimum wages;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (d) working time and other working conditions;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (e) statutory social security benefits;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (f) access to training;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (g) occupational safety and health;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (h) compensation in case of occupational accidents or diseases;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (i) compensation in case of insolvency and protection of workers claims;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (j) maternity protection and benefits, and parental protection and benefits.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 12</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> A Member shall determine and allocate, in accordance with national law and practice, the respective responsibilities of private employment agencies providing the services referred to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 1 and of user enterprises in relation to:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) collective bargaining;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) minimum wages;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (c) working time and other working conditions;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (d) statutory social security benefits;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (e) access to training;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (f) protection in the field of occupational safety and health;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (g) compensation in case of occupational accidents or diseases;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (h) compensation in case of insolvency and protection of workers claims;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (i) maternity protection and benefits, and parental protection and benefits.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 13</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. A Member shall, in accordance with national law and practice and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, formulate, establish and periodically review conditions to promote cooperation between the public employment service and private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. The conditions referred to in paragraph 1 above shall be based on the principle that the public authorities retain final authority for:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) formulating labour market policy;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) utilizing or controlling the use of public funds earmarked for the implementation of that policy.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. Private employment agencies shall, at intervals to be determined by the competent authority, provide to that authority the information required by it, with due regard to the confidential nature of such information:</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) to allow the competent authority to be aware of the structure and activities of private employment agencies in accordance with national conditions and practices;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) for statistical purposes.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 4. The competent authority shall compile and, at regular intervals, make this information publicly available.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 14</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. The provisions of this Convention shall be applied by means of laws or regulations or by any other means consistent with national practice, such as court decisions, arbitration awards or collective agreements.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. Supervision of the implementation of provisions to give effect to this Convention shall be ensured by the labour inspection service or other competent public authorities.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. Adequate remedies, including penalties where appropriate, shall be provided for and effectively applied in case of violations of this Convention.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 15</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> This Convention does not affect more favourable provisions applicable under other international labour Conventions to workers recruited, placed or employed by private employment agencies.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 16</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> This Convention revises the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, and the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention, 1933.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 17</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 18</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organization whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General of the International Labour Office.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. It shall come into force 12 months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member 12 months after the date on which its ratification has been registered.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 19</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 20</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organization of the registration of all ratifications and acts of denunciation communicated by the Members of the Organization.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. When notifying the Members of the Organization of the registration of the second ratification, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organization to the date upon which the Convention shall come into force.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 21</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for registration in accordance with article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by the Director-General in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 22</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> At such times as it may consider necessary, the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Article 23</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides -</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 19 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> (b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention.</span></span>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-9860961350494308452011-10-05T07:02:00.001-07:002011-10-05T07:02:33.444-07:00LG W2340VG Monitor<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMiiwUQUFc9vom77d7km9Xx2I4zDyoi0P5ZQ9AL7SPJ9LrclC5EyswUjMUaSMLxNUuwqcQfKbWZ-PbD3_HxzacxVaA3dkE-AmrMOkeeJy-l0lRIgJ23jfeQRIEiR19-GpgKueyeUdiJ_XB/s1600/monitor.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMiiwUQUFc9vom77d7km9Xx2I4zDyoi0P5ZQ9AL7SPJ9LrclC5EyswUjMUaSMLxNUuwqcQfKbWZ-PbD3_HxzacxVaA3dkE-AmrMOkeeJy-l0lRIgJ23jfeQRIEiR19-GpgKueyeUdiJ_XB/s320/monitor.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://www.retrevo.com/s/LG-W2340VG-Monitors-review-manual/id/23659ci073/t/1-2/"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;">as low as $217.99</span></a></b></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div id="czc" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> <div class="dek">We have not reviewed this product but here is CNET's buying advice on <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">LCD Monitors</span>. This content was chosen based on the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">features included</span> with this model of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">lcd monitor</span>.<br />
</div><h3>Explaining Contrast Ratio</h3><div class="body"> For a long time one of the most important things about LCD monitors was the contrast ratio; it was also the hardest to get good <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">information</span> on. While, in general, LCD monitor contrast ratios have gotten better, making it slightly less important, good information is still difficult to come by.<br />
A 'ratio' of course is a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">comparison</span> between two values. In this case, it is the comparison between the brightest white and the darkest black the monitor can generate. It needs to be noted here that 'black' on any screen (LCD or even CRT) is not the 'true' black created by an absence of light. There is always <i>some</i> light coming from every part of a screen that is powered on. So, this is a measure of the screen's <i>maximum</i> output divided by its <i>minimum</i> output.<br />
In many ways, the truly important part is the minimum output, or black value. A truly bright white is also important, but not as hard to achieve. The contrast ratio is the manufacturer's attempt to boil all this down into one easily-compared statistic. It unfortunately also conceals important information. While the general idea that the higher the contrast ratio, the better the 'whites' and 'blacks' have to be is valid, it can conceal poor performance at one end with excessive performance at the other. (Generally, both black and white values will be too high for a good experience.)<br />
Worse still is the fact that many contrast ratio <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">numbers</span> from manufacturers are completely out of line with reality. Most numbers are given without any reference to <i>how</i> they were tested. There is no standard for this <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">measurement</span>, so the various manufactures do not measure it the same way, <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">adding</span> to the confusion and inaccurate comparisons.<br />
Most manufacturer-generated numbers use <i>dynamic contrast</i>, which is a measure of the absolute darkest and brightest values possible. This seems fine, but most <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">LCD TVs</span> and <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">monitors</span> use backlighting, which is adjusted up and down depending on the overall brightness of the image. The upshot of this is that it cannot produce its 'darkest black' and its 'brightest white' <i>at the same time</i>. It is considered preferable to measure <i>static contrast</i> which measures what the monitor can do simultaneously.<br />
Moreover, manufacturer numbers are generally measured in a dark room, which produces the best results. This <i>is</i> technically the best measurement, but can be misleading on how a screen operates under more normal conditions. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">Theaters</span> darken the room to enhance the viewing experience; light in the room can wash out the image, even without any worries about glare. For a consumer product it is considered more worthwhile to measure light output in a lit environment, where reflected light will raise the black and white values, decreasing the contrast ratio. Finally, the <i>perceptual</i> difference between different monitors goes down as the numbers go up.<br />
In the end, most manufacturer-provided contrast ratio numbers are untrustworthy and inconsistent, although they can be a good <i>general</i> guideline. When seriously worrying about the contrast quality of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">a monitor</span> look for testing data from a common source with stated testing conditions, like the <b>CNET Labs</b> data found in reviews on this site.<br />
Read more in the <a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/monitor-buying-guide/">Monitor Buying Guide</a><br />
See more <a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/4566-3174-0.html?filter=500161_*_">Explaining Contrast Ratio</a> products<br />
</div><h3>Game-friendly LCD</h3><div class="body"> A monitor may have a good screen size, and great image clarity, but gamers also need an LCD monitor to have lightning-fast pixel response times to keep images sharp when the action starts.<br />
Read more in the <a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/monitor-buying-guide/">Monitor Buying Guide</a><br />
See more <a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/4566-3174-0.html?filter=1101505_13049114_">Game-friendly LCDs</a> products<br />
</div></div><div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Read more: </span><a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/lcd-monitors/lg-w2340vg-pn-23/4505-3174_7-34083329.html#ixzz1USXFmkUN" style="color: #003399;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">http://reviews.cnet.com/lcd-monitors/lg-w2340vg-pn-23/4505-3174_7-34083329.html#ixzz1USXFmkUN</span></a></div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-68700867207839444762011-10-05T06:59:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:59:34.534-07:00trik internet gratis telkomsel terbaru juli 2011<dl class="avatar-comment-indent" id="comments-block"><dd class="comment-body" id="Blog1_cmt-2593195268294449093"><b><span style="color: red;">Trik telkomsel set Hp symbian/s40.</span></b> APN:xlunlimited Proxy: 195.189.142.132 Port:80 Set ompin http server: http://mini5.opera-mini.net:80/ socket server: socket://kosong aja Front Query: wap.technomedia.mobi@ Romeve: beri tanda cantang Proxy type: HTTP Proxy server: profile.ak.fbcdn.net lain biarin kosong aja. Bisa juga wat opmin standar MET MENCOBA </dd><dd class="comment-body" id="Blog1_cmt-295097754360189442"><b>UNTUK Telkomsel</b> untk sementar daftar ke paket operamini 1 hari dengan cara ketik *363# oke/yes pilih, atau kitik OP1 kirim ke 3636. hari pertama biarin pulsa keluar 2rb. hari ke dua pulsa harus minimal dibawah 1500. set HP. APN:internet Proxy: 64.255.180.175 Port:80 set bisa di opmin apasaja. Buat Telkomsel untk sementar daftar ke paket operamini 1 hari dengan cara ketik *363# oke/yes pilih, atau kitik OP1 kirim ke 3636. hari pertama biarin pulsa keluar 2rb. hari ke dua pulsa harus minimal dibawah 1500. set HP. APN:internet Proxy: 64.255.180.175 Port:80 <b>set bisa di opmin apasaja. </b> </dd><dd class="comment-body" id="Blog1_cmt-8596096716649463906">Ada cara satu lagi untk gratis total 7 hari.jika anda berhasil ketik OPFREE kirim ke 3636 usaha plsa minim.Ada cara satu lagi untk gratis total 7 hari.jika anda berhasil ketik OPFREE kirim ke 3636 usaha plsa minim. </dd></dl>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-62774095202700063492011-10-05T06:52:00.001-07:002011-10-05T06:52:59.199-07:00TOSHIBA Satellite C650<div class="performance" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> <h4><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Essential Performance </b></span></h4><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Our well-priced, Satellite® C650 series laptops offer a generous 15.6” diagonal display for unrestricted viewing and doing, along with powerful processors from either AMD® or Intel® so you can work, study and juggle multiple tasks. They have plenty of memory for taking advantage of today’s software programs, lots of storage to keep your photos, music and school assignments, even a Webcam so you can chat face-to-face.</b></span><br />
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<div class="styling"> <h4>Smart Styling</h4><b>Who said ‘basic’ has to be bland? Not Toshiba. That’s why we’ve topped this laptop with our new black Trax textured finish—a rich-looking design that doesn’t cost a fortune. </b><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/electric-plant.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/electric-plant.png" width="295" /></a></div><br />
</div><br />
<h4><b>Eco-Conscious Engineering</b></h4><b>Like all Toshiba PCs, the Satellite® C650 laptop is built using planet-conscious methods and materials. It all adds up to a laptop that’s easy to buy, easy to use, and easy on the environment too</b></div><div class="performance" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><b> </b></div><h4>Broad, Brilliant Viewing</h4><b>This PC gives you so much for you money—plus so much to see and do, courtesy of a stunning 15.6” diagonal HD TruBrite® widescreen display. Great for viewing movies or photos, it brings out color and clarity you never knew existed. You’ll find yourself multitasking and tackling spreadsheets without a lot of wasted effort.</b><br />
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<h4>Ways to Communicate and Share</h4><b>Your photos, clips, playlists and opinions are what make life fun. And we’ve made this laptop so you can share them easily, with a Memory Card Reader, USB ports for connecting to printers and external storage devices, plus Wi-Fi® and Ethernet to tweet or post online.</b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">PRICE : </span></b><span class="starting-at"><span class="price" id="cta-stripe-price_c650"><b><span style="font-size: large;">$347.</span></b></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/satellite-c650-marquee-laptop.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/satellite-c650-marquee-laptop.png" width="400" /></a></div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-56343682495753044272011-10-05T06:51:00.001-07:002011-10-05T06:51:37.401-07:00Acer Aspire 4732Z<div id="summary3141029629051424808"><span style="float: left; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;"></span><span style="float: left; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;"><img height="150px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhElDGBKURWqznsAizPcVjBhGs22M_HIGw4NQOcyweKA3hsXHK3ndlwTA_or-VCdyN2lg5HJuQdOnkHCnrJh3JpSYXLFhAO6pIDNv6RKEweivb2BqbOfBaDrEJn5x54tWJlKOj9abiPdzU/s1600/Laptop+Notebook+ACER+Terbaru++2011.jpg" width="200px" /></span><div> <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">Operating System</span>: Genuine Windows Vista® Home <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">Premium</span> (Service Pack 1)Genuine Windows Vista® Home Basic (Service Pack 1) Processor1 : Intel® Pentium® processor T4400 (1 MB L2 cache, 2.20 GHz, 800 MHz FSB, 35 W), supporting Intel® 64 <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">architecture</span> Intel® Pentium® processor T4300 (1 MB L2 cache, 2.10 GHz, 800 MHz FSB, 35 W), supporting Intel® 64 architecture Intel® Pentium® processor T4200 (1 MB L2 cache, 2.00 GHz, 800 MHz FSB, 35 W), supporting Intel® 64 architecture Chipset ...</div></div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-25473441877312087282011-10-05T06:46:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:46:09.452-07:00GPS Rino® 120<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://static.garmincdn.com/en/products/010-00270-02/g/cf-md.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://static.garmincdn.com/en/products/010-00270-02/g/cf-md.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><table cellspacing="0" id="playlist"><tbody>
<tr class="title" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><td colspan="2"><h3>Physical & Performance:</h3></td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Unit dimensions, WxHxD: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2.3" x 4.5" x 1.6", 7" high with antenna (5.8 x 11.4 x 1.6 cm, 17.8 cm with antenna) </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Display size, WxH: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 1.4" x 1.4" (3.6 x 3.6 cm) </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Display resolution, WxH: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 160 x 160 pixels </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Display type: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 4-level grayscale LCD </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Weight: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 7.6 oz (236 g) with batteries </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Battery: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 3 AA batteries (not included) </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Battery life: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 15 hours </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Waterproof: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes (IPX7) </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> High-sensitivity receiver: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td> Interface: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> serial </td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><table cellspacing="0" id="playlist"><tbody>
<tr class="title"> <td colspan="2"> <h3>Maps & Memory:</h3></td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td> Basemap: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td> Preloaded maps: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td> Ability to add maps: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td> Built-in memory: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 8 MB </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td> Accepts data cards: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td> Waypoints/favorites/locations: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 500 </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td> Routes: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 20 </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td> Track log: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 2,048 points, 20 saved tracks </td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><table cellspacing="0" id="playlist"><tbody>
<tr class="title" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> <td colspan="2"> <h3>Features:</h3></td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Automatic routing (turn by turn routing on roads): </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Electronic compass: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Barometric altimeter: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Camera: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Picture viewer: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Unit-to-unit transfer and ANT+™ compatible: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Hunt/fish calendar: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Sun and moon information: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Area calculation: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><table cellspacing="0" id="playlist"><tbody>
<tr class="title" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> <td colspan="2"> <h3>Other:</h3></td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Frequency band: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> FRS and GMRS </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Channels: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 22 </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Squelch codes: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 38 </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Transmit power: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> 0.5 watts FRS; 1.0 watt GMRS </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Range: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Up to 2 miles over FRS; up to 5 miles over GMRS </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> VOX (voice activation): </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Location reporting (send and receive GPS positions): </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="even"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Vibration alert: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> yes </td> </tr>
<tr class="odd"> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> NOAA weather radio: </td> <td style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> no </td></tr>
</tbody></table>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-55571751088431452622011-10-05T06:43:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:43:46.308-07:00Movie Theatres<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">A <b><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">movie theater</span></b>, <b>cinema</b>, <b>movie house</b>, <b>picture theater</b>, <b>film theater</b> is a venue, usually a building, for viewing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Film">motion pictures</a> ("movies" or "films").</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Most but not all movie <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">theaters</span> are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_%28admission%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ticket (admission)">ticket</a>. The movie is projected with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_projector" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie projector">movie projector</a> onto a large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_screen" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Projection screen">projection screen</a> at the front of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditorium" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Auditorium">auditorium</a>. Some movie theaters are now equipped for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_cinema#Digital_projection" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital cinema">digital cinema projection</a>, removing the need to create and transport a physical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_stock#Intermediate_and_print_stocks" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Film stock">film print</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;">History in the US</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Before_1900">Before 1900</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The first public exhibition of projected motion pictures in the United States was at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koster_and_Bial%27s_Music_Hall" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Koster and Bial's Music Hall">Koster and Bial's Music Hall</a> on 34th Street in <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">New York City on</span> April 23, 1896. However, the first "storefront theater" in the US dedicated exclusively to showing motion pictures was Vitascope Hall, established on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Street,_New_Orleans" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Canal Street, New Orleans">Canal Street</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a> June 26, 1896—it was converted from a vacant store.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">A crucial factor was Thomas Edison's decision to sell a small number of Vitascope <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">Projectors</span> as a business venture in April–May 1896. In the basement of the new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellicott_Square_Building" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ellicott Square Building">Ellicott Square Building</a>, Main Street, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Mark" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mitchell Mark">Mitchell Mark</a> (properly spelled <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchel_Mark&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Mitchel Mark (page does not exist)">Mitchel Mark</a>) and his brother<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe_Mark" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Moe Mark">Moe Mark</a> added what they called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thomas Edison">Edison</a>’s <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitascope_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Vitascope Theater (page does not exist)">Vitascope Theater</a> (entered through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edisonia_Hall" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edisonia Hall">Edisonia Hall</a>), which they opened to the general public on October 19, 1896 in collaboration with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Wagner" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rudolf Wagner">Rudolf Wagner</a>, who had moved to Buffalo after spending several years working at the Edison laboratories. This 72-seat plush theater was designed from scratch solely to show motion pictures.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Terry Ramseye, in his book, <i>A Million and One Nights</i> (1926) [p. 276], notes that this “was one of the earliest permanently located and exclusively motion-picture exhibitions.” According to the <i>Buffalo News</i> (Wednesday, November 2, 1932), "There were seats for about 90 persons and the admission was three cents. Feeble, flickering films of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">travel</span> scenes were the usual fare." (The true number of seats was 72.) The theater remained open for two years making it the first permanent, purpose built movie theater in the world.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vitascope_Theater_Buffalo_Nov_1897_ad.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="371" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Vitascope_Theater_Buffalo_Nov_1897_ad.jpg/220px-Vitascope_Theater_Buffalo_Nov_1897_ad.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vitascope_Theater_Buffalo_Nov_1897_ad.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>This November 7, 1897 ad shows the actual programming of Vitascope Theater, one of the first motion picture theaters specially built for that purpose. In its first year, 200,000 people attended. It was in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>. However, during the rest of this period, between 1891–1900, films did not achieve much popularity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-1" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></div></div></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HoustonRiverOaksTheater.JPG" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/HoustonRiverOaksTheater.JPG/220px-HoustonRiverOaksTheater.JPG" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HoustonRiverOaksTheater.JPG" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Many older movie theaters, such as the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Oaks_Theatre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="River Oaks Theatre">River Oaks Theatre</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a>, have been restored and play <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Art film">arthouse</a> movies; newer multiplexes in the areas with restored theaters show first run films.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Texastheater.JPG" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Texastheater.JPG/220px-Texastheater.JPG" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Texastheater.JPG" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Other older movie theaters, such as the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Theatre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Texas Theatre">Texas Theatre</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a>, have been deemed historically significant and undergone restoration. The Texas Theater is shown here in 2008 with replica marquee and appears as it did in 1963 when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> was arrested on the premises. The building today hosts live theater.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KinoPionierSzczecin.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/KinoPionierSzczecin.jpg/220px-KinoPionierSzczecin.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KinoPionierSzczecin.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>The Pionier Cinema in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szczecin" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Poland">Poland</a></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wetherby_Cinema.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Wetherby_Cinema.jpg/220px-Wetherby_Cinema.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wetherby_Cinema.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An independent cinema in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetherby" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Yorkshire" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>.</div></div></div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="1900.E2.80.931919">1900–1919</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The first permanent structure designed for screening of movies in the state of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="California">California</a> was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lincoln_Tally" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thomas Lincoln Tally">Tally's Electric Theater</a>, completed in 1902 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Tally's theater was a storefront within a larger building, but apparently purpose-built as a movie theater. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Train_Robbery_%28film%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Great Train Robbery (film)">The Great Train Robbery</a></i>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_in_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1903 in film">1903</a>), which was 12 minutes in length, would also give the film industry a boost.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-2" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1905, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> movie theater owners Harry Davis and John Harris also established the first of what would become a popular form of movie theaters spread throughout the country, which were five-cent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon_%28movie_theater%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nickelodeon (movie theater)">nickelodeon movies</a>. In 1906, Montreal opened one of the first <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">movie theatres</span> in the world. An even older <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">movie theatre</span> -which is still in action today, according to the Guinness World Records- belonged to the Pionier Cinema, and opened as the Helios on September 26, 1909, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szczecin" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Poland">Poland</a> (at the time of the opening it was Stettin, Germany).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-3" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup>Nevertheless, this position was beaten in 2008 when the owners of the <i>Korsør Biograf Teater</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kors%C3%B8r" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korsør">Korsør</a>, Denmark, discovered that they actually operated a movie theater that opened in August 1908. They were accepted into the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">Guinness Book of World Records</span> as the oldest still operating movie theater the same year (to appear in the 2010 edition of the book).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">n 1912, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curzon_Community_Cinema,_Clevedon" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Curzon Community Cinema, Clevedon">Picture House</a>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clevedon" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Clevedon">Clevedon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="England">England</a>, opened with a charity film performance to raise funds for the victims of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RMS Titanic">Titanic</a> disaster, and has been showing films continuously since. The 1913 opening of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Theater,_Film_and_Television" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television">Regent Theater</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a> signaled a new respectability for the medium, and the start of the two-decade heyday of American cinema design. The million dollar <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Strand_Theatre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mark Strand Theatre">Mark Strand Theater</a> at 47th Street and Broadway in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a> opened in 1914 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Mark" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mitchell Mark">Mitchell Mark</a> was the archetypical movie palace. The ornate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al._Ringling_Theatre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Al. Ringling Theatre">Al Ringling Theater</a> was the very first "Movie Palace" it was built in Baraboo, WI by Al Ringling, one of the founders of the Ringling Bros. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">Circus</span> for the then incredible sum of $100,000.00. In 1915, the movie <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i> would also pave way for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Feature film">feature films</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> By 1915, feature films were so successful that the five cent ticket admission prices would expand to ten cents, hence ending the era of nickelodeon movie theaters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-6" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup> Later, Los Angeles promoter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Grauman" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> continued the trend of theatre-as-destination with his ornate "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Dollar_Theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Million Dollar Theater">Million Dollar Theatre</a>", using the same design firm as Ringling (the MDT was the first to signify its primary use for motion pictures with the "theatre" spelling), and opened on Broadway in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a> in 1918.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Post_1920s_:_modern_era">Post 1920s : modern era</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the next ten years, as movie revenues exploded, independent promoters and movie studios (who owned their own proprietary chains until an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> ruling in 1948) raced to build the most lavish, elaborate, attractive theatres. These forms morphed into a unique architectural genre—the <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_palace" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie palace">movie palace</a></b>—a unique and extreme architectural genre which boasted a luxurious design, a giant screen, and, beginning in 1953, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stereophonic sound">stereophonic sound</a>. The movie chains were also among the first industries to install <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> systems which gave the theatres an additional lure of comfort in the summer period. In addition in the early 1931 a chair was designed, where the person sitting could move back so other patrons could easily leave their seats during the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">movie showing</span>. This type of seat became standard in almost all US movie theaters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_studio" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie studio">movie studios</a> achieved <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_integration" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vertical integration">vertical integration</a> by acquiring and constructing theatre chains. The so-called "Big Five" theatre chains of the 1920s and 1930s were all owned by studios: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros." style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Warner Bros.">Warner</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loews_Cineplex_Entertainment" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Loews Cineplex Entertainment">Loews</a> (which owned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="20th Century Fox">Fox</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKO_Pictures" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RKO Pictures">RKO</a>. All were broken up as a result of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>'s ruling in the 1948 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Paramount_Pictures,_Inc." style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.">United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Competition law">anti-trust</a>case.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the 1970s, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Adult movie theater">porn theatres</a> became ubiquitous in some areas. However, the introduction of the low-cost <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHS" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VHS">VHS</a> video system for home televisions has decommissioned many porno <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">cinemas</span> as well as many 'second-run' theatres.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">People can pay to watch movies at home after a few short months following their theatrical release, through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cable television">cable television</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#Streaming_media" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Internet">streamed from the Internet</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay-per-view" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> (PPV) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a> (VOD). Initially, home video contributed to an industry wide slump in the late 1980s (see<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_technology" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Disruptive technology">disruptive technology</a>), not to mention the decline of the 'Dollar Cinema' (where first-run films are pulled from circulation to play at reduced rates for the remainder of their run). The theater industry responded by building larger auditoriums with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium_seating" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stadium seating">stadium seating</a> layouts, installing more screens (to allow for more variety and more show times), upgrading sound systems and installing more amenities and higher-quality food and drink. The growing popularity of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a> sets, along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVD" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> players may also contribute to the decline in cinema attendance, although there seems to be little evidence of this at the moment. As of June 12, 2009 all US television stations started broadcasting in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital">digital</a> format. This could also affect US movie theaters.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="3D">3D</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-D_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="3-D film">3-D film</a> is a system of presenting film images so that they appear to the viewer to be three-dimensional. Visitors usually borrow or keep special glasses to wear while watching the film. Depending on the system used, these are typically <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarized_3D_glasses" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Polarized 3D glasses">polarized glasses</a>. Three-dimensional films use two images channelled, respectively, to the right and left eyes to simulate depth by using 3-D glasses with red and blue lenses (anaglyph), polarized (linear and circular), and other techniques. 3-D glasses deliver the proper image to the proper eye and make the image appear to "pop-out" at the viewer and even follow the viewer when he/she moves so viewers relatively see the same image. Most 3-D films are shown in <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">amusement parks</span> and even "4-D" techniques are used when certain effects such as spraying of water, movement of seats, and other effects are used to simulate actions seen on the screen. The earliest 3-D films were presented in the 1920s. There have been several "waves" of 3D film distribution, most notably in the 1950s when they were promoted as a way to offer audiences something that they could not see at home on television. Still the process faded quickly and as yet has never been more than a periodic novelty in film presentation. Currently, films are again being presented in cinemas in 3-D, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX#IMAX_3D" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IMAX">IMAX 3D</a> system and in digital 3-D, such as is used in the animated films of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixar" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 2009, Ben Walters suggested that film exhibitors are now more interested in 3-D film. The number of 3-D screens in theaters is increasing (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealD_Cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RealD Cinema">Real D</a> company expects 15,000 screens worldwide in 2010). 3-D films encourage exhibitors to adopt <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital cinema">digital cinema</a> and provide a way to compete with home theaters. One incentive for 3-D screens is that although ticket sales decline, revenues from 3-D tickets grow.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-8" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The RealD 3D system works by using a single digital projector, that swaps back and forth between the images for each eye. A filter is placed in front of the projector that changes the polarisation of the light coming from the projector. A silver screen is used to reflect this light back at the audience and reduce loss of brightness. RealD is the most popular system, but there are three other systems available: Master Image, XpanD and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_3D" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dolby 3D">Dolby 3D</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">When a system is used that requires inexpensive 3D glasses, they can sometimes be kept by the visitor. In most theaters the price is not simply for the glasses, but for the experience of 3D. Most theatres have a fixed cost for 3D, while others charge for the glasses, but the latter is uncommon (at least in the United States). For example, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theaters_in_the_Netherlands" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie theaters in the Netherlands">Pathé theaters in the Netherlands</a> the extra fee for watching a 3D film consists of a fixed fee of € 1.50, and an optional fee of €1 for the glasses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-9" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup></div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="IMAX">IMAX</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> is a system using film with more than ten times the frame size of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="35 mm film">35 mm film</a> to produce image quality far superior to conventional film. IMAX theaters use an oversized screen as well as special projectors. Invented by a Canadian company, the first permanent IMAX theater was at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Place" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ontario Place">Ontario Place</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">At the IMAX cinema attached to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Media_Museum" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Media Museum">National Media Museum</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Yorkshire" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="England">England</a>, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, visitors to the museum's sixth floor can observe the IMAX projection booth via a glass rear wall, and watch the large format films being loaded and projected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-10" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup></div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Design">Design</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cinema_odeon_firenze_1.JPG" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="78" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cinema_odeon_firenze_1.JPG/220px-Cinema_odeon_firenze_1.JPG" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cinema_odeon_firenze_1.JPG" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Cinema Odeon in Florence</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MovieTheatre_gobeirne.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/MovieTheatre_gobeirne.jpg/220px-MovieTheatre_gobeirne.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MovieTheatre_gobeirne.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Interior of Hoyts Southbank cinemas in Australia, with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium_seating" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stadium seating">stadium seating</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Architectural acoustics">acoustic wall hangings</a>, wall-mounted speakers, and cup holders</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50sStyleMovieThearter.png" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="293" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/50sStyleMovieThearter.png/220px-50sStyleMovieThearter.png" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50sStyleMovieThearter.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Interior of a 1950s style <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arts_movie" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fine arts movie">fine arts movie</a>theater. A low pitch viewing floor is used.</div></div></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">mfortable seats, as well as a foyer area containing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_office" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Box office">box office</a> for buying <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_%28admission%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ticket (admission)">tickets</a>, a counter and/or self-service facilities for buying snacks and drinks, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_toilet" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Public toilet">washrooms</a>. Stage theaters are sometimes converted into movie theatres by placing a screen in front of the stage and adding a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_projector" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie projector">projector</a>; this conversion may be permanent, or temporary for purposes such as showing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Art film">arthouse</a> fare to an audience accustomed to plays. The familiar characteristics of relatively low admission and open seating can be traced to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Roxy_Rothafel" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samuel Roxy Rothafel">Samuel Roxy Rothafel</a>, an early movie theater <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Impresario">impresario</a>. Many of these early theatres contain a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcony" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Balcony">balcony</a>, an elevated level across the auditorium above the theater's rearmost seats. The rearward main floor "loge" seats were sometimes larger, softer, and more widely spaced and sold for a higher price.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Traditionally a movie theater, like a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Theatre">stage theatre</a>, consists of a single auditorium with rows of co</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In conventional low pitch viewing floors the preferred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seating_assignment" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seating assignment">seating</a> arrangement is to use staggered rows. While a less efficient use of floor space this allows a somewhat improved sight line between the patrons seated in the next row toward the screen, provided they do not lean toward one another.</div><div class="center" style="text-align: center; width: 1071px;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MovieTheaterSeatingUSP06164018.png" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="MovieTheaterSeatingUSP06164018.png" height="118" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/MovieTheaterSeatingUSP06164018.png/333px-MovieTheaterSeatingUSP06164018.png" style="border-style: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="333" /></a></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium_seating" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stadium seating">Stadium seating</a>", popular in modern multiplexes, actually dates back to the 1920s. The 1922 Princess Theatre in Honolulu, Hawaii featured "stadium seating," sharply raked rows of seats extending from in front of the screen back towards the ceiling. It gives patrons a clear sight line over the heads of those seated in front of them. Modern "stadium seating" was utilized in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> theatres, which have very tall screens, beginning in the early 1970s.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Rows of seats are divided by one or more aisles so that there are seldom more than 20 seats in a row. This allows easier access to seating, as the space between rows is very narrow. Depending on the angle of rake of the seats, the aisles have steps. In older theaters, aisle lights were often built into the end seats of each row to help patrons find their way in the dark. Since the advent of stadium theaters with stepped aisles, each step in the aisles may be outlined with small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lighting">lights</a> to prevent patrons from tripping in the darkened theater.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Theaters often have booster seats for children and other short people to put on the seat, to sit higher, for a better view.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">See also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#Luxury_screens" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie theater">luxury screens</a> below.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Multiplexes_and_megaplexes">Multiplexes and megaplexes</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MultiplexMovieTheaterUSP06164018.png" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="134" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/MultiplexMovieTheaterUSP06164018.png/220px-MultiplexMovieTheaterUSP06164018.png" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MultiplexMovieTheaterUSP06164018.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Example of a Multiplex layout</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArenaMovieTheaterinSofia.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="150" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/ArenaMovieTheaterinSofia.jpg/200px-ArenaMovieTheaterinSofia.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArenaMovieTheaterinSofia.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>ARENA – a fifteen-screen movie theater in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Canada was the first country in the world to have a two-screen theater. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin_Theatre_%28Ottawa%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Elgin Theatre (Ottawa)">Elgin Theatre</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> became the first venue to offer two film programs on different screens in 1957 when Canadian theater-owner <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Taylor" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nat Taylor">Nat Taylor</a> converted the dual screen theater into one capable of showing two different films simultaneously.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taylor is credited by Canadian sources as the inventor of the multiplex or cineplex; he later founded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineplex_Odeon_Corporation" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cineplex Odeon Corporation">Cineplex Odeon Corporation</a>, opening the 18-screen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Eaton_Centre" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto Eaton Centre">Toronto Eaton Centre</a> Cineplex, the world's largest at the time, in Toronto, Canada.<a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10229" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the United States, Stanley Durwood of American Multi-Cinema (now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMC_Theatres" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AMC Theatres">AMC Theatres</a>) is credited as pioneering the <i>multiplex</i> in 1963 after realizing that he could operate several attached auditoriums with the same staff needed for one through careful management of the start times for each movie. Ward Parkway Center in Kansas City, Missouri had the first multiplex cinema in the United States.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Since the 1960s, multiple-screen theatres have become the norm, and many existing venues have been retrofitted so that they have multiple auditoriums. A single foyer area is shared among them. In the 1970s many large 1920s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_palace" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie palace">movie palaces</a> were converted into multiple screen venues by dividing their large auditoriums, and sometimes even the stage space, into smaller theaters.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In most markets, nearly all single-screen theatres (sometimes referred to as a "Uniplex") have gone out of business; the ones remaining are generally used for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Art film">arthouse</a> films, e.g. the Crest Theatre <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thecrest.com/" rel="nofollow">[2]</a> in downtown <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a>, small scale productions, film festivals or other presentations. Because of the late development of multiplexes, the term "cinema" or "theater" may refer either to the whole complex or a single auditorium, and sometimes "screen" is used to refer to an auditorium.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">A popular film may be shown on multiple screens at the same multiplex, which reduces the choice of other films but offers more choice of viewing times or a greater number of seats to accommodate patrons. Two or three screens may be created by dividing up an existing cinema (as Durwood did with his Roxy in 1964), but newly built multiplexes usually have at least six to eight screens, and often as many as twelve, fourteen or even sixteen.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although definitions vary, a large multiplex with 20 or more screens is usually called a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_%28movie_theater%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">megaplex</a> however in the United Kingdom this was a brand name for large Virgin Cinema (later UGC). The first megaplex is generally considered to be the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinepolis" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kinepolis">Kinepolis</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, which opened in 1988 with 25 screens and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seating_capacity" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of 7,500. The first theatre in the U.S. built from the ground up as a megaplex was the AMC Grand 24 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a>, which opened in May 1995, while the first megaplex in the U.S. based on an expansion of an existing facility was Studio 28 in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a>, which reopened in November 1988 with 20 screens and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seating_capacity" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of 6,000.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Drive-in">Drive-in</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive-in_theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Drive-in theater">drive-in movie theatre</a> is basically an outdoor parking area with a screen – sometimes an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflatable_movie_screen" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inflatable movie screen">inflatable screen</a> – at one end and a projection booth at the other. Moviegoers drive into the parking spaces which are sometimes sloped upwards at the front to give a more direct view of the movie screen. Films are usually viewed through the car windscreen (windshield) although some people prefer to sit on the hood of the car. Sound is either provided through portable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeakers</a> located by each parking space, or is broadcast on an FM radio frequency, to be played through the car's stereo system. Because of their outdoor nature, drive-ins usually only operate seasonally, and after sunset. Drive-in movie theatres are mainly found in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a>, where they were especially popular in the 1950s and 1960s. Once numbering in the thousands, about 400 remain in the U.S. today. In some cases, multiplex or megaplex theatres were built on the sites of former drive-in theatres.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_venues">Other venues</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Airscreen.JPG" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Airscreen.JPG/220px-Airscreen.JPG" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Airscreen.JPG" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflatable_movie_screen" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inflatable movie screen">inflatable movie screen</a> used at a temporary outdoor movie theater (open air cinema)</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vintage_mobile_cinema.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Vintage_mobile_cinema.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vintage_mobile_cinema.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>1967 Bedford mobile cinema</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Outdoor cinema">outdoor movie theatres</a> are just cleared areas where the audience sits upon chairs or blankets and watch the movie on a temporary screen, or even the wall of a convenient building.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Colleges and universities have often sponsored film screenings in lecture halls. The formats of these screenings include 35 mm, 16 mm, DVD, VHS, and even 70 mm in rare cases.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some alternative methods of showing films have been popular in the past. In the 1980s the introduction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHS" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VHS">VHS</a> cassettes made possible video-salons, small rooms where visitors viewed the film on a large TV. These establishments were especially popular in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, where official distribution companies were slow to adapt to changing demand, and so movie theatres could not show popular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asian cinema">Asian films</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1967 the British government launched seven custom built <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mobile cinema">mobile cinema</a> units for use as part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Technology" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minister of Technology">Ministry of Technology</a> campaign to raise standards. Using a very futuristic look these 27 seat cinema vehicles were designed to attract attention. They were built on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_SB" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bedford SB">Bedford SB3</a> chassis with a custom Coventry Steel Caravan extruded aluminium body.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Films are also commonly shown on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airliner" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airliner">airliners</a> in flight, using large screens in each cabin or smaller screens for each group of rows or each individual seat; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airline">airline</a> company sometimes charges a fee for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphones" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Headphones">headphones</a> needed to hear the films's sound. Films are sometimes also shown on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Train">trains</a>, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Train" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Auto Train">Auto Train</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The smallest purpose-built cinema is the Cabiria Cine-Cafe which measures 24 m² (258.3 ft²) and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seating_capacity" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of 18. It was built by Renata Carneiro Agostinho da Silva (Brazil) in Brasilia DF, Brazil in 2008. It is mentioned in the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i>, January, 2010.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Museum_of_Natural_History" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bell Museum of Natural History">Bell Museum of Natural History</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> has recently begun summer "bike-ins," inviting only pedestrians or people on bicycles onto the grounds for both live music and movies. In various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada">Canadian</a> cities, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</a>, al-fresco movies projected on the walls of buildings or temporarily erected screens in parks operate during the Summer and cater to a pedestrian audience.</div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Programming">Programming</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Movie theaters may be classified by the type of movies or when they are shown:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>First-run theater</i>: A theater that runs primarily <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mainstream">mainstream</a> film fare from the major film companies and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_distributor" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Film distributor">distributors</a>, during the initial new release period of each film.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Second-run</i> or <i>discount theater</i>: A theater that runs films that have already shown in the first-run theaters and presented at a lower ticket price. (These are sometimes known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Discount theater">dollar theaters</a> or "Cheap Seats".) This form of cinema is diminishing in viability owing to the increasingly shortened intervals before the films' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_video" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Home video">home video</a> release, called the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_window&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Video window (page does not exist)">video window</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Repertoire/repertory theater</i> or <i>arthouse</i>: A theater that presents more alternative and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Art film">art films</a> as well as second-run and classic films (often known as an "Independent Cinema" in the UK).</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">An <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Adult movie theater">adult movie theater</a></i> or <i>sex theater</i> specializes in showing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornographic_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pornographic film">pornographic movies</a>. Such movies are rarely shown in other theaters. See also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> theaters can show conventional movies, but the major benefits of the IMAX system are only available when showing movies filmed using it. While a few mainstream feature films have been produced in IMAX, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX#Content" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IMAX">IMAX movies</a> are often <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Documentary film">documentaries</a> featuring spectacular natural scenery, and may be limited to the 45-minute length of a single reel of IMAX film.</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Presentation">Presentation</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 302px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Projecteur_cin%C3%A9matographique_35mm.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="202" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Projecteur_cin%C3%A9matographique_35mm.jpg/300px-Projecteur_cin%C3%A9matographique_35mm.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Projecteur_cin%C3%A9matographique_35mm.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="35 mm film">35 mm</a> movie projector in operation</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Usually an admission is for one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Feature film">feature film</a>. Sometimes two feature films are sold as one admission (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_feature" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Double feature">double feature</a>), with a break in between. Separate admission for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Short film">short subject</a> is rare; it is either an extra before a feature film or part of a series of short subjects sold as one admission (this mainly occurs at film festivals). (See also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthology_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Anthology film">anthology film</a>.)</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Historically, many movie theatres presented a number of shorter items in addition to the feature film. This might include a<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsreel" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a>, live-action comedy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Short film">short films</a>, documentary short films, musical short films, and/or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_cartoon" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Animated cartoon">cartoon shorts</a> (many classic cartoons series such as the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney_Tunes" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a></i> shorts were created for this purpose). Examples of this kind of programming are available on certain DVD releases of two of the most famous films starring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errol_Flynn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Blood_%281935_film%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Captain Blood (1935 film)">Captain Blood</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robin_Hood_%28film%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Adventures of Robin Hood (film)">The Adventures of Robin Hood</a></i> as a special feature arrangement designed to recreate that kind of filmgoing experience. Some theatres ran on <i>continuous showings</i>, where the same items would repeat throughout the day, with patrons arriving and departing at any time rather than having distinct entrance and exit cycles. Newsreels gradually became obsolete by the 1960s with the rise of television news, and most material now shown prior to a feature film is of a commercial or promotional nature.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">A typical modern theatre presents <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_advertisement" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Television advertisement">commercial advertising shorts</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_%28film%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Trailer (film)">movie trailers</a>, and then the feature film. Advertised start times are usually for the entire program or session, not the feature itself;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-11" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup> thus people who want to avoid commercials and/or trailers would opt to enter later. This is easiest and causes the least inconvenience when it is not crowded, and/or one is not very choosy about where one wants to sit. If one has a ticket for a specific seat (see below) one is formally assured of that, but it is still inconvenient and disturbing to find and claim it during the commercials and trailers, unless it is near an aisle.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some movie theaters have some kind of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermission" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Intermission">break</a> during the presentation. There may also be a break between the introductory material and the feature. Some countries such as the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> have a tradition of incorporating an intermission in regular feature presentations, though many theaters have now abandoned that tradition,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-12" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup> while in North America, this is very rare and usually limited to special circumstances involving extremely long movies.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_credits" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Closing credits">closing credits</a> many people leave, but some stay until the end. Usually the lights are switched on after the credits, sometimes already during them. Some films show additional scenes while the credits are rolling.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Until the multiplex era, prior to showtime, the screen would typically be covered by the traditional curtain which would be drawn for the feature. It is common practice in Australia for the curtain to cover part of the screen during advertising and trailers, then be fully drawn to reveal the full width of the screen for the main feature. Some theaters, lacking a curtain, occupied the screen with slides of some form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abstract art">abstract art</a>. Currently, in multiplexes, theater chains often feature a continuous <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slideshow" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Slideshow">slideshow</a> between showings featuring a loop of movie trivia, promotional material for the theater chains (such as encouraging patrons to purchase <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrip" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Scrip">gift vouchers</a> and group rates, or buy foyer retail offers), or advertising for local and national businesses. Advertisements for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fandango">Fandango</a> and other convenient methods of purchasing tickets is often shown. Also prior to showing the film, reminders, in varying forms would be shown concerning theater etiquette (no smoking, no talking, no littering, removing crying babies, etc.) and in recent years, added reminders to silence mobile phones as well as concerning movie piracy.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some well-equipped theaters have "interlock" projectors which allow two or more projectors and sound units to be run in unison by connecting them electronically or mechanically. This set up can be used to project two prints in sync (for dual-projector 3-D) or to "interlock" one or more sound tracks to a single film. Sound interlocks were used for stereophonic sound systems before the advent of magnetic film prints. Fantasound (developed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RCA">RCA</a> in 1940 for Disney's Fantasia) was an early interlock system. Likewise, early stereophonic films such as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Cinerama" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="This Is Cinerama">This Is Cinerama</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wax_%281953_film%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="House of Wax (1953 film)">House of Wax</a></i> utilized a separate, magnetic oxide-coated film to reproduce up to six or more tracks of stereophonic sound.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Datasat Digital Entertainment, purchaser of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTS_%28sound_system%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a>'s cinema division in May 2008, uses a time code printed on and read off of the film to synchronize with a CD-ROM in the sound track, allowing multi-channel soundtracks or foreign language tracks. This is not considered a projector interlock, however.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">This practice is most common with so-called blockbuster movies. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muvico_Theaters" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Muvico Theaters">Muvico Theaters</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regal_Entertainment_Group" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Regal Entertainment Group">Regal Entertainment Group</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Theatres" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pacific Theatres">Pacific Theatres</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMC_Theatres" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AMC Theatres">AMC Theatres</a> are some theatres that interlock films.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2009">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Live_broadcasting_to_movie_theaters">Live broadcasting to movie theaters</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sometimes movie theaters provide digital projection of a live <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> of an opera, concert, or other performance or event. For example, there are regular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Metropolitan Opera Live in HD">live broadcasts to movie theaters of Metropolitan Opera performances</a>, with additionally limited repeat showings.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Admission prices are often more than twice the regular movie theater admission prices.</div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Pricing_and_admission">Pricing and admission</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 178px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50sStyleMovieBoxOffice.png" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="205" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/50sStyleMovieBoxOffice.png" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="176" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50sStyleMovieBoxOffice.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_office" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Box office">Box office</a> of a 1950s style <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arts_movie" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fine arts movie">fine arts movie</a> theater.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-13" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[14]</a></sup></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: center; width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Msia_movie_ticket.jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="150" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Msia_movie_ticket.jpg/200px-Msia_movie_ticket.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px ! important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Msia_movie_ticket.jpg" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-image: none ! important; border-style: none ! important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A typical Malaysian movie ticket.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In order to obtain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admission_to_an_event_or_establishment" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Admission to an event or establishment">admission</a> to a movie theater, the prospective theater-goer must usually purchase a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_%28admission%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ticket (admission)">ticket</a>, which may be for an arbitrary seat ("open" or "free" seating, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-come,_first-served" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="First-come, first-served">first-come, first-served</a>) or for a specific one (<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allocated_seating&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Allocated seating (page does not exist)">allocated seating</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-14" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[15]</a></sup> Movie theaters in North America generally have open seating. Cinemas in Europe can have free seating or numbered seating. Some theatres in Mexico offer numbered seating, in particular, Cinepolis VIP. In the case of numbered seating systems the attendee can often pick seats from a screen; sometimes the attendee cannot see the screen and has to make a choice based on still available seats. In the case of free seats, already seated customers may be forced by staff to move one or more places for the benefit of an arriving couple or group wanting to sit together.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 2009, the average price for a movie ticket in the United States was $7.50.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-15" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[16]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The price of a ticket may be discounted during off-peak times e.g. for <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matin%C3%A9e" style="background-image: none; color: #3366bb; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="wiktionary:matinée">matinées</a>, and higher at busy times, typically evenings and/or weekends. In<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada">Canada</a>, when this practice is used, it is traditional to offer the lower prices for Tuesday for all showings, one of the slowest days of the week in the movie theatre business, which has led to the nickname "cheap Tuesday."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-16" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a></sup> Sometimes tickets are cheaper on Monday, or on Sunday morning. Almost all movie theaters employ economic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Price discrimination">price discrimination</a>: tickets for youth, students, and seniors are typically cheaper. Large theater chains, such as AMC Theaters, also own smaller theaters that show "second runs" of popular films, at reduced ticket prices. Movie theaters in India and other developing countries employ price discrimination in seating arrangement: seats closer to the screen cost less, while the ones farthest from the screen cost more.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a>, many movie theater chains sell discounted passes, which can be exchanged for tickets to regular showings. These passes are traditionally sold in bulk to institutional customers and also to the general public.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-17" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-18" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[19]</a></sup> Some passes provide substantial discounts from the price of regular admission, especially if they carry restrictions. Common restrictions include a waiting period after a movie's release before the pass can be exchanged for a ticket or specific theaters where a pass is ineligible for admission.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some movie theaters and chains sell monthly passes for unlimited entrance to regular showings. Even if the price is quoted per month the minimum duration may be several months, and when subscribing again after termination a one-time extra fee may be charged. Some examples:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Pathé Unlimited Card (PUC)</i> for the chain of 16 multi- and megaplex theatres of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theaters_in_the_Netherlands" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie theaters in the Netherlands">Pathé in the Netherlands</a> (129 screens), for €18/month.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Cineville Pass</i> for 13 Amsterdam movie theaters (almost all movie theaters except those of Pathé) for € 17.50 per month.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Groninger Filmkaart</i> for €20/month for the two movie theaters MustSee <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroborg" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Euroborg">Euroborg</a> (10 screens) and Images (3 screens) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groningen_%28city%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Must See All Card</i> for €18/month for movie theater MustSee Euroborg only.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineworld#Unlimited_card" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cineworld">Unlimited Card</a></i> for the chain of movie theaters of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineworld" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cineworld">Cineworld</a> (formerly UGC) in the UK and Ireland, for £14.99/month, or £17.99 including those in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_End_of_London" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="West End of London">London's West End</a> (plus £1.50 per 3D film viewed) – tickets can only be purchased on the day of the showing.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Carte Le Pass</i> for the chain of movie theatres of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%C3%A9" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a> in 40 French cities (with a total of 790 screens), for 19.80 euro/month.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>UGC Illimité</i> passes for all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-generated_content" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="User-generated content">UGC</a> movie theaters in France, for 18 euro/month, and an entrance fee of 30 euro.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>UGC Unlimited</i> passes for the four UGC movie theaters in Belgium, for 15 euro/month.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>SF Movie Passport</i> pass for all the movies shown in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SF_Group" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SF Group">SF Group</a> theaters in Thailand, valid for a month for one person and one showing per movie, at the price of 800 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_baht" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thai baht">baht</a> or eqv USD 20.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Membresía Club Cinépolis</i> $125 Pesos(10USD)/month for the regular membership grants access to all the facilities across México for unlimited viewing. 1 Year of forced membership is required. There are also VIP and double memberships.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Hotlips</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Adult movie theater">adult movie theater</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, for 55 euro/month.</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Note that in Thailand there is the restriction of one viewing per movie, while in the Netherlands one can see any movie as many times as one wants as is the case with the Cineworld UK pass.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The increasing number of 3D films, for which a fee is required, somewhat undermines the concept of unlimited entrance to regular showings, in particular if no 2D version is screened. Also, in one Pathé theater in the Netherlands on one day of the week buying a drink and a snack is compulsory.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some adult theaters sell a day pass, either as standard ticket, or as an option that costs a little more than a single admission.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Also for some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_festival" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Film festival">film festivals</a> a pass is sold for unlimited entrance.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Luxury_screens">Luxury screens</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Cinemas in city centers are increasingly offering luxury seating with services like complimentary refills of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soft drink">soft drinks</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28establishment%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bar (establishment)">bar</a>, reclining <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Leather">leather</a> seats and service bells. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vue_%28cinema%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vue (cinema)">Vue Cinema</a> chain is a good example of a large-scale offering of such a service, called "Gold Class" and similarly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>'s largest cinema chain ODEON have gallery areas in some of their bigger cinemas where there is a separate foyer area with a bar and unlimited snacks.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Age_restrictions">Age restrictions</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Admission to a movie may also be restricted by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_picture_rating_system" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Motion picture rating system">motion picture rating system</a>. According to such systems, children or teenagers below a certain age may be forbidden access to theaters showing certain movies, or only admitted when accompanied by a parent or other adult. In some jurisdictions a rating may legally impose this on movie theaters. Furthermore, where movie theaters do not have this legal obligation, they may enforce restrictions on their own.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Accordingly, a movie theater may either not be allowed to program an unrated film, or voluntarily refrain from that. In the US many mainstream movie theaters do not even show movies rated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America_film_rating_system#The_5_ratings" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Motion Picture Association of America film rating system">NC-17</a> ("No one 17 and under admitted"). Often, instead, an edited R-rated version ("Restricted. Persons under 17 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.") is shown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may not be factual or accurate from March 2008">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">dubious</a> <span class="metadata">– <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Movie_theater#Dubious" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Talk:Movie theater">discuss</a></span></i>]</sup></div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Revenue">Revenue</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_studio" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Movie studio">Movie studios</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_distributor" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Film distributor">film distributors</a> in the U.S. traditionally drive hard bargains entitling them to as much as 100% of the gross ticket revenue during the first weeks (and then the balance changes in 10% increments at an undetermined time).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-19" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[20]</a></sup> See also <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_office" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Box office">box office</a></b>.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ticket_price_uniformity">Ticket price uniformity</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The relatively strong uniformity of movie ticket prices, particularly in the U.S., is a common economics puzzle, because conventional supply and demand theory would suggest higher prices for more popular movies, and vice versa. Unlike seemingly similar forms of entertainment such as rock concerts, every movie is a unique product. Demand is very difficult to predict ahead of time, and is usually determined from ticket sale statistics after the movie is already out. Uniform pricing is therefore a strategy to cope with unpredictable demand. Historical and cultural factors are sometimes also cited.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-20" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[21]</a></sup></div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ticket_check">Ticket check</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">In some movie theater complexes, the theaters are arranged such that tickets are checked at the entrance into the entire plaza, rather than before each theater.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">At a theater with a sold-out show there is often an additional ticket check, to make sure that everybody with a ticket for that show can find a seat.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The lobby may be before or after the ticket check.</div><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Movie_theater_culture_in_USA">Movie theater culture in USA</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Movie theaters are associated with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dating">dating</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a> and expensive treats.</div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Intimacy">Intimacy</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sometimes couples go to a movie theater for the additional reason that it provides the possibility of intimacy, where the dark provides some privacy (with additional privacy in the back-row). This kind of intimacy is considered by some a lesser form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_display_of_affection" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Public display of affection">public display of affection</a>. Compared with being together in a room without other people, it may also be reassuring for one or both of the couple (and for parents) that the intimacy is necessarily limited.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair#Armrests" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chair">Arm rests</a> pose a hindrance to intimacy for some people. Some theaters have love seats: seats for two without an armrest in the middle. The most modern theaters have movable armrests throughout the theater that when down can hold a food container as well as act as an armrest or partition between the seats and when up allow closer contact between the couple. Some theaters such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speakeasy_Theaters" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Speakeasy Theaters">Parkway</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a> have sofas for greater comfort.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater#cite_note-21" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[22]</a></sup></div><h3 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Foyer_area.2C_food_and_drinks">Foyer area, food and drinks</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Movie theaters usually sell various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snack_food" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Snack food">snack foods</a> and drinks at retail counters or kiosks. Sometimes it can be a self-service where one pays at the counter till, and/or a coin-operated machines. Sometimes the area of sale is more like a self-service shop or kiosk (it is not suitable for consuming the goods), and one pays at the check-out between the shop and the area with the screens. Foods usually served at movie theatres include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soft drink">soft drinks</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachos" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nachos">nachos</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dog" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ice cream">ice creams</a> and a wide range of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectionery" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>. At most theatres, people are allowed to select their own sweets (known as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick_%27n%27_mix" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pick 'n' mix">pick and mix</a>".)</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The facilities for buying snacks and drinks often represent the theater's primary source of profit since most of the ticket revenue goes to the film distributor (and onward to the movie studio)<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2011">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup>. Some movie theaters forbid eating and drinking inside the viewing room (restricting such activities to the foyer), while others encourage it by fitting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_holder" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cup holder">cup holders</a> on the arm rests (on the front side of the arm rests of one's own chair, or the back side of the arm rests in front) and selling large portions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a> and soft drinks; also in that case bringing one's own food and drinks may be forbidden. Retail is currently a huge area of expansion with many companies in the U.S. offering a wider range of snacks, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dog" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachos" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nachos">nachos</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Many theaters have embraced the "brew and view" concept, serving alcoholic beverages, in addition to snacks and popcorn. Some movie theaters such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo_Drafthouse_Cinema" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Alamo Drafthouse Cinema">Alamo Drafthouse</a> offer full restaurant service at one's seat, though this is not as widespread. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMenamins" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="McMenamins">McMenamins</a> is a chain of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbrewery#Brewpub" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Microbrewery">brewpub</a> establishments in the U.S. states of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_%28U.S._state%29" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a>, many of which have full movie theaters.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some movie theaters feature a wider selection than simply snacks and popcorn. These "dine-in" theaters allow patrons to purchase "meals" (ranging from pizza slices to hamburgers and more) that can be consumed while watching the movie.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">The health benefits of this cinema food are generally low, and have been debated for years. Owner of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures" style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a>, Michael Lynton, has been one of the chief arguers over this, and has wanted cinemas worldwide to stop providing this junk food and instead provide healthier alternatives, like crudites, smoothies, nuts, granola bars and additive-free air-popped popcorn.</div></span>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-39320165368496571422011-10-05T06:30:00.001-07:002011-10-05T06:30:41.556-07:00Nightclubs In Scotland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://article-niche.com/news_images/news_Nightclubs-In-Scotland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://article-niche.com/news_images/news_Nightclubs-In-Scotland.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: #898989; float: left; font-family: Times,serif,Georgia; font-size: 70px; line-height: 50px; padding-top: 1px;">S</span><span class="new_description_big" itemprop="articleBody" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">cotland is one of the most beautiful and exciting places in the United Kingdom. With its own distinctive culture and friendly people, going out visiting <a class="articleLinks" href="http://article-niche.com/search/search.php?query=UK%20night%20clubs&search=2" style="color: #0066cc; display: inline; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;">UK night clubs</a>in towns and cities is always going to be a fun experience.<br />
<br />
From Edinburgh to Glasgow, probably two of the country’s most well known cities there is no shortage of nightlife and hotspots to make your time in Scotland memorable (or not, as the case may be).<br />
<br />
<b>Glasgow</b><br />
Glasgow is an exciting city, and the largest in Scotland. With a kicking music and club scene, the city boasts a rich culture of music and having a good time. <b>Clubs</b> such as The Arches which host nights such as Pressure have been incredibly popular, attracting DJs from the international scene.<br />
<br />
The Arches sells itself on not only being a nightclub, but a bar, theatre and host to live music performances. The edgy as well as handy location under Glasgow’s Central station is just another attraction. The architecture of the building lends itself to the club’s great feel as the arches were previously part of an Roman viaduct.<br />
<br />
The building is vast, holding more than two floors of various rooms and spanning seven arches. The club has hosted popular nights such as Slam, which ran for six years every Friday, as well as currently presenting Pressure, with two rooms playing house music as well as techno.<br />
The club also host events such as a gay night every month on the second Saturday, known as Death Disco.<br />
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Glasgow also has the Sub Club, which has been running since 1987 and is located underground, adding to its edgy feel and wide appeal. The basement based club hosts a variety of musical genres and has seen gigs by bands such as LCD Soundsystem and Franz Ferdinand.<br />
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<b>Edinburgh</b><br />
Edinburgh is not only a beautiful city and the inspiration for the legendary Harry Potter novels, it is a fantastic city to go out and party in the best clubs in the United Kingdom. The backdrop of the cobbled high street, the Royal Mile, and Edinburgh Castle which is lit at night, give the city an exciting party atmosphere that no other can beat.<br />
<br />
Espionage is venues in both Edinburgh and Aberdeen, and is known for being a top night club with eccentric décor and an exciting clientele. The Edinburgh venue is located near the Grassmarket, almost underneath<br />
<br />
<b>Edinburgh Castle</b><br />
The club is spread over five floors, each with a bar and a different type of music. The nightclub also boasts being open every single night of the year, without exclusion, and providing party lovers with a great time.<br />
The Cabaret Voltaire is another very different type of club, in being located in the lower part of the city in caverns underneath the Cowgate district. The club is also open seven nights a week and hosts a variety of music events and gigs.<br />
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Every night at the club also takes a different theme, such as Sick Note on Thursday nights, with the ironic name urging clubbers to cut loose before the weekend has even started.<br />
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UK night clubs are extremely popular and oft visited by regular customers apart from guests. Do make it a point to visit them once occasionally to enjoy and unwind.</span>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-39385764158173051862011-10-05T06:24:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:24:19.667-07:00Walmart closing online music store<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2011/walmartmp3do.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2011/walmartmp3do.jpg" /></a></div><div style="padding: 0px 0px 10px;">"We recently notified our music partners that we've made a business decision to no longer offer MP3 digital tracks as of August 29, 2011," said Ravi Jariwala.</div><div style="padding: 0px 0px 10px;">"We'll continue to provide support to our customers who previously purchased<a class="textTag" href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/digital+music/" rel="tag" style="color: #0e3266;">digital music</a> through Walmart Music Downloads so they may continue to enjoy and manage their existing WMA files," Jariwala said.</div><div style="padding: 0px 0px 10px;">The action does not affect Walmart sales of discs online, or its online music promotion site, Walmart Soundcheck.</div><div style="padding: 0px 0px 10px;">The company opened <a class="textTag" href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/walmart/" rel="tag" style="color: #0e3266;">Walmart</a> MP3 Downloads in 2003 with the goal of dominating the market with lower prices than the competition. But in the end it never posed a challenge to Apple's iTunes, still the dominant player.</div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-63228010263941151782011-10-05T06:17:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:17:36.488-07:00C181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997The General Conference of the International Labour <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">Organization</span>,<br />
Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its Eighty-fifth Session on 3 June 1997, and<br />
Noting the provisions of the Fee-Charging <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">Employment Agencies</span> <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">Convention</span> (Revised), 1949, and<br />
Being aware of the importance of flexibility in the functioning of labour markets, and<br />
Recalling that the International Labour Conference at its 81st Session, 1994, held the view that the ILO should proceed to revise the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, and<br />
Considering the very different environment in which private employment agencies operate, when compared to <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">the conditions</span> prevailing when the above-mentioned Convention was adopted, and<br />
Recognizing the role which private employment agencies may play in a well-functioning labour market, and<br />
Recalling the need to protect workers against abuses, and<br />
Recognizing the need to guarantee the right to freedom of association and to promote collective bargaining and social dialogue as necessary components of a well-functioning industrial relations system, and<br />
Noting the provisions of the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">Employment Service</span> Convention, 1948, and<br />
Recalling the provisions of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, the Freedom of Association and the Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948, the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949, the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958, the Employment Policy Convention, 1964, the Minimum Age Convention, 1973, the Employment Promotion and Protection against <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">Unemployment</span> Convention, 1988, and the provisions relating to <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">recruitment</span> and placement in the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949, and the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975, and<br />
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the revision of the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and<br />
Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention;<br />
adopts, this nineteenth day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven, the following Convention, which may be cited as the Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997:<br />
<br />
<br />
Article 1<br />
<br />
1. For the purpose of this Convention the term <b><i>private employment agency </i></b>means any natural or legal person, independent of the public authorities, which provides one or more of the following labour market services:<br />
<br />
(a) services for matching offers of and <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">applications for employment</span>, without the private employment agency becoming a party to the employment relationships which may arise therefrom;<br />
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(b) services consisting of employing workers with a view to making them available to a third party, who may be a natural or legal person (referred to below as a "user enterprise") which assigns their tasks and supervises the execution of these tasks;<br />
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(c) other services relating to jobseeking, determined by the competent authority after <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">consulting</span> the most representative employers and workers <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">organizations</span>, such as the provision of information, that do not set out to match specific offers of and applications for employment.<br />
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2. For the purpose of this Convention, the term <b><i>workers </i></b>includes jobseekers.<br />
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3. For the purpose of this Convention, the term <b><i>processing of personal data of workers </i></b>means the collection, storage, combination, communication or any other use of information related to an identified or identifiable worker.<br />
Article 2<br />
<br />
1. This Convention applies to all private employment agencies.<br />
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2. This Convention applies to all categories of workers and all branches of economic activity. It does not apply to the recruitment and placement of seafarers.<br />
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3. One purpose of this Convention is to allow the operation of private employment agencies as well as the protection of the workers using their services, within the framework of its provisions.<br />
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4. After consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers concerned, a Member may:<br />
<br />
(a) prohibit, under specific circumstances, private employment agencies from operating in respect of certain categories of workers or branches of economic activity in the provision of one or more of the services referred to in Article 1, paragraph 1;<br />
<br />
(b) exclude, under specific circumstances, workers in certain branches of economic activity, or parts thereof, from the scope of the Convention or from certain of its provisions, provided that adequate protection is otherwise assured for the workers concerned.<br />
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5. A Member which ratifies this Convention shall specify, in its reports under article 22 of the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">Constitution</span> of the International Labour Organization, any prohibition or exclusion of which it avails itself under paragraph 4 above, and give the reasons therefor.<br />
Article 3<br />
<br />
1. The legal status of private employment agencies shall be determined in accordance with national law and practice, and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers.<br />
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2. A Member shall determine the conditions governing the operation of private <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">employment agencies in</span> accordance with a system of licensing or certification, except where they are otherwise regulated or determined by appropriate national law and practice.<br />
Article 4<br />
<br />
Measures shall be taken to ensure that the workers recruited by private employment agencies providing the services referred to in Article 1 are not denied the right to freedom of association and the right to bargain collectively.<br />
Article 5<br />
<br />
1. In order to promote equality of opportunity and treatment in access to employment and to particular occupations, a Member shall ensure that private employment agencies treat workers without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, or any other form of discrimination covered by national law and practice, such as age or disability.<br />
<br />
2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be implemented in such a way as to prevent private employment agencies from providing special services or targeted programmes designed to assist the most disadvantaged workers in their jobseeking activities.<br />
Article 6<br />
<br />
The processing of personal data of workers by private employment agencies shall be:<br />
<br />
(a) done in a manner that protects this data and ensures respect for workers privacy in accordance with national law and practice;<br />
<br />
(b) limited to matters related to the qualifications and professional experience of the workers concerned and any other directly relevant information.<br />
Article 7<br />
<br />
1. Private employment agencies shall not charge directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, any fees or costs to workers.<br />
<br />
2. In the interest of the workers concerned, and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, the competent authority may authorize exceptions to the provisions of paragraph 1 above in respect of certain categories of workers, as well as specified types of services provided by private employment agencies.<br />
<br />
3. A Member which has authorized exceptions under paragraph 2 above shall, in its reports under article 22 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization, provide information on such exceptions and give the reasons therefor.<br />
Article 8<br />
<br />
1. A Member shall, after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, adopt all necessary and appropriate measures, both within its jurisdiction and, where appropriate, in collaboration with other Members, to provide adequate protection for and prevent abuses of migrant workers recruited or placed in its territory by private employment agencies. These shall include laws or regulations which provide for penalties, including prohibition of those private employment agencies which engage in fraudulent practices and abuses.<br />
<br />
2. Where workers are recruited in one country for work in another, the Members concerned shall consider concluding bilateral agreements to prevent abuses and fraudulent practices in recruitment, placement and employment.<br />
Article 9<br />
<br />
A Member shall take measures to ensure that child labour is not used or supplied by private employment agencies.<br />
Article 10<br />
<br />
The competent authority shall ensure that adequate machinery and procedures, involving as appropriate the most representative employers and workers organizations, exist for the investigation of complaints, alleged abuses and fraudulent practices concerning the activities of private employment agencies.<br />
Article 11<br />
<br />
A Member shall, in accordance with national law and practice, take the necessary measures to ensure adequate protection for the workers employed by private employment agencies as described in Article 1, paragraph 1(b) above, in relation to:<br />
<br />
(a) freedom of association;<br />
<br />
(b) collective bargaining;<br />
<br />
(c) minimum wages;<br />
<br />
(d) working time and other working conditions;<br />
<br />
(e) statutory social security benefits;<br />
<br />
(f) access to training;<br />
<br />
(g) occupational safety and health;<br />
<br />
(h) compensation in case of occupational accidents or diseases;<br />
<br />
(i) compensation in case of insolvency and protection of workers claims;<br />
<br />
(j) maternity protection and benefits, and parental protection and benefits.<br />
Article 12<br />
<br />
A Member shall determine and allocate, in accordance with national law and practice, the respective responsibilities of private employment agencies providing the services referred to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 1 and of user enterprises in relation to:<br />
<br />
(a) collective bargaining;<br />
<br />
(b) minimum wages;<br />
<br />
(c) working time and other working conditions;<br />
<br />
(d) statutory social security benefits;<br />
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(e) access to training;<br />
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(f) protection in the field of occupational safety and health;<br />
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(g) compensation in case of occupational accidents or diseases;<br />
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(h) compensation in case of insolvency and protection of workers claims;<br />
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(i) maternity protection and benefits, and parental protection and benefits.<br />
Article 13<br />
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1. A Member shall, in accordance with national law and practice and after consulting the most representative organizations of employers and workers, formulate, establish and periodically review conditions to promote cooperation between the public employment service and private employment agencies.<br />
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2. The conditions referred to in paragraph 1 above shall be based on the principle that the public authorities retain final authority for:<br />
<br />
(a) formulating labour market policy;<br />
<br />
(b) utilizing or controlling the use of public funds earmarked for the implementation of that policy.<br />
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3. Private employment agencies shall, at intervals to be determined by the competent authority, provide to that authority the information required by it, with due regard to the confidential nature of such information:<br />
<br />
(a) to allow the competent authority to be aware of the structure and activities of private employment agencies in accordance with national conditions and practices;<br />
<br />
(b) for statistical purposes.<br />
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4. The competent authority shall compile and, at regular intervals, make this information publicly available.<br />
Article 14<br />
<br />
1. The provisions of this Convention shall be applied by means of laws or regulations or by any other means consistent with national practice, such as court decisions, arbitration awards or collective agreements.<br />
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2. Supervision of the implementation of provisions to give effect to this Convention shall be ensured by the labour inspection service or other competent public authorities.<br />
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3. Adequate remedies, including penalties where appropriate, shall be provided for and effectively applied in case of violations of this Convention.<br />
Article 15<br />
<br />
This Convention does not affect more favourable provisions applicable under other international labour Conventions to workers recruited, placed or employed by private employment agencies.<br />
Article 16<br />
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This Convention revises the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention (Revised), 1949, and the Fee-Charging Employment Agencies Convention, 1933.<br />
Article 17<br />
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The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.<br />
Article 18<br />
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1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organization whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General of the International Labour Office.<br />
<br />
2. It shall come into force 12 months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General.<br />
<br />
3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member 12 months after the date on which its ratification has been registered.<br />
Article 19<br />
<br />
1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.<br />
<br />
2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article.<br />
Article 20<br />
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1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organization of the registration of all ratifications and acts of denunciation communicated by the Members of the Organization.<br />
<br />
2. When notifying the Members of the Organization of the registration of the second ratification, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organization to the date upon which the Convention shall come into force.<br />
Article 21<br />
<br />
The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for registration in accordance with article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by the Director-General in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.<br />
Article 22<br />
<br />
At such times as it may consider necessary, the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part.<br />
Article 23<br />
<br />
1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides -<br />
<br />
(a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 19 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;<br />
<br />
(b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.<br />
<br />
2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention.gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-81130567112606877162011-10-05T03:40:00.000-07:002011-10-05T03:40:27.693-07:00Toshiba Extras<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/satellite-p750-open-front-slice.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://us.toshiba.com/images/showcase/laptops/satellite-p750-open-front-slice.png" /></a></div><span id="goog_2048742435"></span><span id="goog_2048742436"></span>Why choose a Toshiba? Along with great innovation, reliability and styling, this laptop offers features that add to your fun, productivity and sense of confidence. They include extras like Sleep & Music, which lets you plug in your MP3 player and pipe tunes through this PC’s sound system, Sleep & Charge for powering your smartphone―even when the PC is off, or the <a href="http://us.toshiba.com/computers/research-center/technology-guides/eco-utility" title="Click here to learn more about Toshiba Eco Utility">Toshiba power-saving eco-utility™</a> to manage your battery consumption. <br />
<div class="disclaimer">* These features are only available on models featuring an Intel processor.</div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-31544448960838499002011-10-04T22:30:00.000-07:002011-10-04T22:30:08.190-07:00BB TOCRH<div class="d618 l p3"> <h1 class="tn">BlackBerry Torch 2 Dibanderol Rp5,3 Juta</h1><h5 class="p6"><br />
</h5></div><div class="d608 l b2 b4 p4 p6 p8"> <div class="d167 l"> <h6><span class="by"><br />
</span></h6></div><div class="r p2"> <span class="st_twitter_hcount"> <span class="stButton" style="color: black; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;"><span><span class="stMainServices st-twitter-counter" style="background-image: url("http://w.sharethis.com/images/twitter_counter.png");"></span></span></span></span><span class="st_email_hcount"><span class="stButton" style="color: black; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;"><span><span class="stArrow"><span class="stButton_gradient stHBubble" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="stBubble_hcount"></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="position: relative; top: 5px;"></span> </div></div><div id="pt" style="width: 600px;"> <img alt="detail berita" src="http://i.okezone.com/content/2011/09/16/57/503547/4R78UHmVVy.jpg" /> <h6>BlackBerry Torch 2 (Foto: BGR)</h6></div><strong>JAKARTA</strong> - Research In Motion (RIM) menghadirkan dua smartphone terbaru berbasis sistem operasi (OS) BlackBerry7 di Indonesia. <br />
<br />
Smartphone BlackBerry Bold 9900 dan BlackBerry Torch 9810 akan tersedia mulai tanggal 16 September melalui distributor-distributor resmi, PT. Teletama Artha Mandiri, PT. Comtech Cellular dan PT. Selular Media Infotama.<br />
<br />
BlackBerry Bold 9900 terbaru atau BlackBerry Torch 9810 terbaru yang masing-masing akan dijual oleh distributor-distributor resmi dengan harga Rp5.999.000 dan Rp5.399.000.<br />
<br />
“Kami sangat gembira untuk memperkenalkan dua smartphone terbaru BlackBerry 7 di Indonesia. Kedua smartphone ini menonjolkan baik hardware dan software generasi terbaru dari RIM untuk menawarkan pengalaman komunikasi, multimedia dan produktivitas terbaik," kata Hastings Singh, Wakil Presiden RIM wilayah Asia Selatan, seperti dilansir melalui keterangan resminya, Jumat (16/9/2011).<br />
<br />
BlackBerry Bold 9900 adalah smartphone BlackBerry tertipis dengan ketebalan hanya 10,5 mm dan yang pertama menawarkan gabungan antara keyboard berkinerja tinggi dan integrasi layar sentuh dalam satu rancangan ikonis BlackBerry Bold. <br />
<br />
Dengan rancangan yang indah, keyboard yang efektif dan layar sentuh yang brilian, BlackBerry Bold 9900 ini dibuat dengan bahan-bahan terbaik termasuk rangka stainless steel yang menghasilkan sentuhan akhir pada smartphone yang luar biasa.<br />
<br />
BlackBerry Torch 9810 merupakan kekuatan evolusi dari BlackBerry Torch 9800. Dengan fitur hardware berkualitas tinggi dan OS BlackBerry 7 membuat smartphone terbaru ini berfungsi lebih cepat, lebih dinamis dan memberikan pengalaman multimedia lebih jauh. <br />
<br />
Dengan layar display 3,2 inci, display dengan resolusi tinggi, BlackBerry memberikan fungsi keyboard yang lebih mudah digeser dan mempercepat proses pengetikan dan BlackBerry Torch 9810 memberikan kebaikan dari keduanya. <span class="post-share-buttons" style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 5px;"><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-email" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=1966687216805205387&target=email" target="_blank" title="Kirimkan Ini lewat Email"><span class="share-button-link-text"></span></a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=1966687216805205387&target=facebook" target="_blank" title="Berbagi ke Facebook"><span class="share-button-link-text"></span> </a> </span> <div class="post-footer"> </div><div class="comments" id="comments"> <span id="blog-pager-newer-link"> <a class="blog-pager-newer-link" href="http://welcome-zmahliilham.blogspot.com/2011/09/c181-private-employment-agencies.html" id="Blog1_blog-pager-newer-link" title="Posting Lebih Baru"></a></span><a class="home-link" href="http://welcome-zmahliilham.blogspot.com/"><br />
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</a> </div><span class="widget-item-control"> </span> </div><div class="widget Attribution" id="Attribution1"> <div class="widget-content" style="text-align: center;"> </div><span class="widget-item-control"> </span> </div></div></div><div class="clear"> </div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-25645522573184813722011-10-04T22:26:00.001-07:002011-10-04T22:26:12.479-07:00i phone 5<div class="post-content"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>iPhone 5</strong>, Walau gadget yang sangat di tunggu-tunggu oleh jutaan orang di dunia ini belum keluar namun rekaan dari <span style="text-decoration: underline;">iPhone 5</span> beserta spesifikasi sudah banyak beredar di dunia maya. Untuk itulah, pada perjumpaan ini aalil akan mencoba memberikan sedikit informasi singkat mengenai harga dan spesifikasi <a href="http://www.aalil.com/harga-iphone-5-spesifikasi-lengkap-iphone-5.html" title="iPhone 5">iphone 5</a> serta gambar yang di dapat ketika membaca forum MacRumors beberapa waktu lalu, semoga bermanfaat untuk sahabat semuanya yang memang sudah tidak sabar untuk memiliki iPhone 5.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="iPhone 5" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1309" height="375" src="http://www.aalil.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/iphone_5.jpg" title="iPhone 5" width="500" /></div><blockquote><em>Bocoran mengenai <span style="text-decoration: underline;">iPhone 5</span> ini diberitakan oleh MacRumors, yakni mereka mendapatkan bocoran tersebut dari sebuah pabrik pembuatan iphone 5 cases di negeri china beberapa waktu lalu.</em></blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;">Dengan adanya informasi mengenai rancangan casing untuk iphone 5 itulah awal dari perjalanan panjang MacRumors meneliti bagaimanakah bentuk yang akan di balut oleh cases tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan bentuk asli bagaimanakah nantinya iphone 5, MacRumors rela menyewa sebuah perusahaan desain demi mendapatkan model 3D dari iPhone 5, dan ini semua berdasarkan spesifikasi casing yang telah bocor tersebut, sungguh kreatif sekali bukan?</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Spesifikasi untuk casing memungkinkan bahwa nantinya bisa diketahuinya bagaimana sebenarnya dimensi iPhone 5 dan tempat-tempat tombol, kamera serta tidak lupa penempatan logo Apple. Berikut adalah gambar-gambar terbaru dari design <a href="http://www.aalil.com/harga-iphone-5-spesifikasi-lengkap-iphone-5.html">apple iphone 5</a> hasil rancangan Ciccarese Design sebuah perusahaan design di Amerika atas permintaan si MacRumors, berikut selengkapnya:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="iPhone 5" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1309" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWO4ovFDzTTL4Ik0xVTUWj6W0hv_F6B3BbaqGEtfqoE60SPO0WJ1ojrwegfZfZFlsGD-x2paMkikM4FLrEid4f4_eTMR28mt6Ih5CHnSLJxnsC4w7oMgKxuAB6vx3bCQ-pa2dqpzAgdEQe/s1600/iphone5-3-500x375.jpg" title="iPhone 5" width="500" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Design <acronym title="iPhone 5">iPhone 5</acronym> ini diperkirakan akan mempunyai bentuk lengkung pada sudutnya. Terdapat permukaan kaca pada bagian belakang iPhone, atau bisa jadi akan diganti kembali ke bahan aluminium atau mungkin menggunakan bahan dasar dari plastik.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="iPhone 5" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1309" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgokpWHTkzXYSc_Ff8gqjGBkxub19nKO5BnswZfG5DtcESUgy25DZTnUl-jLguEz7MoPzh287URzSpBuTSHTv37GfUUh8IA-n4TIaxTaS7d7La-w-3CjYDVt5gOgCdIif6lDhEntiiehivp/s1600/iphone5-11-500x231.jpg" title="iPhone 5" width="500" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Spesifikasi untuk casing iphone 5 juga sedikit sulit digunakan dalam menebak ukuran layar yang pasti. Namun terdapat kemungkinan bahwa layarnya akan dibuat sedikit lebih luas dan disediakan sebuah tempat ekstra luas di luar layar, fungsinya adalah untuk pergerakan jari pengguna nantinya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="iPhone 5 Casing" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1309" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJFW_bdb8o3AoNkXoEFbmoX3rt8S5rVcL4OrVdiKqRHQ5_k84kZynwtReDJyIutd0g4wyUlfAxRBZcN_p1mNWEuiRQqAWmBw9nX4J9gYAQX8spebZXHSBnkddz9lMs7sERG6schRRYxXXN/s1600/iphone-5-casing.jpg" title="iPhone 5" width="500" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Untuk kesimpulan akhir dari hasil rekaan iphone 5 ini adalah 4.33″ x 2.36″. Memiliki ketebalannya sebesar .27″ pada bagian atasnya dan .21″ pada bagian bawah. Tentunya ini sedikit lebih pendek dari pendahulunya yakni iPhone 4, Namun lebih lebar dan tipis, serta agak sedikit meruncing dari atas ke bawah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Baiklah sobat, semoga saja beberapa informasi terbaru spesifikasi lengkap iPhone 5 diatas dapat memberikan sedikit gambaran kepada kamu bagaimana sih nantinya bentuk design si gadget yang sangat di tunggu ini, untuk masalah harga jual iphone 5 aalil.com belum mendapatkan informasi pasti, takutnya kalau di beritakan sekarang, eh gak tahunya salah ,lucu dong. Oleh karena itu jangan bosan untuk berkunjung kemari ya, sebab info harga akan segera di upadete jika sudah keluar pengumuman fix dari apple untuk harga jual <strong>iphone 5</strong> di Indonesia. Salam</div></div>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-66844706320551516342011-10-04T22:21:00.000-07:002011-10-04T22:21:38.493-07:00TechCrunch<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.gadget.com/files/2011/09/sms_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.gadget.com/files/2011/09/sms_3.jpg" /></a></div>The wireless headphones <a href="http://www.gadget.com/2011/09/15/50-cent-expected-to-roll-out-own-headphones/" style="color: black;">with rapper 50 Cent’s branding</a> are near release and several tech blogs have received photos and specs about the upcoming high-end model. Sync by 50 features a unibody casing that is so now, but has full on-board playback controls that no other headphones have. Each can is housed with a 40-millimeter driver surrounded by a memory foam cushion. It has a 3.5-millimeter wireless adapter that supposedly can retrieve audio from up to 50 feet and even allow four simultaneous wireless connections. The high-end headphones also features a professionally-tuned digital EQ with 16-bit lossless digital sound. The device is charged through micro USB and comes with a wired mic cable and a hard-shell carrying case.<br />
The price has not been revealed yet, but expect it to be very costly as it is launched within the coming months.gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5093541812609305509.post-69976975273813964892011-10-04T22:19:00.000-07:002011-10-04T22:19:53.533-07:00Asus Tough ETBW11AA tablet lands<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.gadget.com/files/2011/09/ASUS-Tough-Tablet-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.gadget.com/files/2011/09/ASUS-Tough-Tablet-150x150.jpg" /></a></div><span style="color: navy;"><span style="color: black;">Asus has recently made a rugged tablet device in the Japanese market. Called as the Asus Tough ETBW11AA Tablet, this new and rugged tablet is aimed primarily for business use. This new tablet is set to offer a number of features that would make it ideal for use by business executives and professionals.</span></span> <br />
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="color: black;">The new Asus Tough-ETBW11AA Tablet features a 1GHz Tegra 2 dual core processor, 16GB memory and support for a microSD card. It runs on the Android 3.2 OS and comes with a 5MP camera. Aside from having WiFi, Bluetooth and GPS support, the Asus Tough-ETBW11AA Business Tablet also is WiMAX ready.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="color: black;">But what may appeal to some users is that the Asus Tough Tablet is built to last. This 7-inch tablet is built to resist dust and water as well as the occasional accidental drops. This rugged tablet can withstand accidental drops of up to 76cm high and can be used inside the shower or even in deserts, if ever business professionals end up getting into such places. The Asus Tough-ETBW11AA Business Tablet is expected to be available at Japanese telecom KDDI sometime in November. Pricing details have yet to be provided.</span></span> <br />
<span class="post-share-buttons" style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 5px;"> <a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-email" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=4217488782494646942&target=email" target="_blank" title="Kirimkan Ini lewat Email"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Kirimkan Ini lewat Email</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=4217488782494646942&target=blog" target="_blank" title="BlogThis!"> <span class="share-button-link-text">BlogThis!</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=4217488782494646942&target=twitter" target="_blank" title="Berbagi ke Twitter"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Berbagi ke Twitter</span> </a><a class="goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook" href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3046023228897254540&postID=4217488782494646942&target=facebook" target="_blank" title="Berbagi ke Facebook"> <span class="share-button-link-text">Berbagi ke Facebook</span> </a> </span>gamal_cinkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04276591492343554199noreply@blogger.com0